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Internet connect security openid The Financial-grade API (FAPI) 2.0 Baseline profile is an API security profile based on the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework .

Introduction Financial-grade API (FAPI) 2.0 is an API security profile based on the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework and related specifications suitable for protecting APIs in high-value scenarios. While the security profile was initially developed with a focus on financial applications, it is designed to be universally applicable for protecting APIs exposing high-value and sensitive (personal and other) data, for example, in e-health and e-government applications.

Warning This document is not an OIDF International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard. Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Copyright notice & license The OpenID Foundation (OIDF) grants to any Contributor, developer, implementer, or other interested party a non-exclusive, royalty free, worldwide copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works from, distribute, perform and display, this Implementers Draft or Final Specification solely for the purposes of (i) developing specifications, and (ii) implementing Implementers Drafts and Final Specifications based on such documents, provided that attribution be made to the OIDF as the source of the material, but that such attribution does not indicate an endorsement by the OIDF. The technology described in this specification was made available from contributions from various sources, including members of the OpenID Foundation and others. Although the OpenID Foundation has taken steps to help ensure that the technology is available for distribution, it takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this specification or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. The OpenID Foundation and the contributors to this specification make no (and hereby expressly disclaim any) warranties (express, implied, or otherwise), including implied warranties of merchantability, non-infringement, fitness for a particular purpose, or title, related to this specification, and the entire risk as to implementing this specification is assumed by the implementer. The OpenID Intellectual Property Rights policy requires contributors to offer a patent promise not to assert certain patent claims against other contributors and against implementers. The OpenID Foundation invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents, patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to practice this specification.

Notational Conventions The keywords "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", and "can" in this document are to be interpreted as described in ISO Directive Part 2 . These keywords are not used as dictionary terms such that any occurrence of them shall be interpreted as keywords and are not to be interpreted with their natural language meanings.

Baseline Profile OIDF FAPI is an API security profile based on the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework . This Baseline Profile aims to reach the security goals laid out in the [Attacker Model].

Network Layer Protections To protect against network attackers, clients, authorization servers, and resource servers shall only offer TLS protected endpoints and shall establish connections to other servers using TLS. TLS connections shall be set up to use TLS version 1.2 or later and follow . Endpoints for the use by web browsers shall use methods to ensure that connections cannot be downgraded using TLS Stripping attacks. A preloaded HTTP Strict Transport Security policy can be used for this purpose. Some top-level domains, like .bank and .insurance, have set such a policy and therefore protect all second-level domains below them. For a comprehensive protection against network attackers, all endpoints should additionally use DNSSEC to protect against DNS spoofing attacks that can lead to the issuance of rogue domain-validated TLS certificates. Note: Even if an endpoint uses only organization validated (OV) or extended validation (EV) TLS certificates, rogue domain-validated certificates can be used to impersonate the endpoints and conduct man-in-the-middle attacks. CAA records can help to mitigate this risk.

Profile In the following, a profile of the following technologies is defined:

• OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework
• OAuth 2.0 Bearer Tokens
• Proof Key for Code Exchange by OAuth Public Clients (PKCE)
• OAuth 2.0 Mutual-TLS Client Authentication and Certificate-Bound Access Tokens (MTLS)
• OAuth 2.0 Demonstrating Proof-of-Possession at the Application Layer (DPoP)
• OAuth 2.0 Pushed Authorization Requests (PAR)
• OAuth 2.0 Rich Authorization Requests (RAR)
• OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata
• OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Issuer Identifier in Authorization Response
• OpenID Connect Core 1.0 incorporating errata set 1

Requirements for Authorization Servers Authorization servers

1. shall distribute discovery metadata (such as the authorization endpoint) via the metadata document as specified in [OIDD] and [RFC8414]
2. shall support the authorization code grant described in
3. shall reject requests using the resource owner password credentials grant or the implicit grant described in
4. shall support client-authenticated pushed authorization requests according to
5. shall reject authorization requests sent without
6. shall reject pushed authorization requests without client authentication
7. shall support the authorization_details parameter according to to convey the authorization clients want to obtain if the scope parameter is not expressive enough for that purpose
8. shall support confidential clients as defined in
9. shall only issue sender-constrained access tokens using one of the following methods:
   • MTLS as described in
   • DPoP as described in
10. shall authenticate clients using one of the following methods:
    • MTLS as specified in section 2 of
    • private_key_jwt as specified in section 9 of
11. shall require PKCE with S256 as the code challenge method
12. shall only issue authorization codes and refresh tokens that are sender-constrained
13. shall require the redirect_uri parameter in pushed authorization requests
14. shall return an iss parameter in the authorization response according to
15. shall not transmit authorization responses over unencrypted network connections, and, to this end, shall not allow redirect URIs that use the "http" scheme except for native clients that use Loopback Interface Redirection as described in , Section 7.3,
16. shall reject an authorization code (section 1.3.1 of ) if it has been previously used
17. shall provide a means for resource servers to verify the validity, integrity, sender-constraining, scope (incl. authorization_details), expiration and revocation status of an access token, either by providing an introspection endpoint , by exposing signature verification keys, or by deployment-specific means.
18. shall not use the HTTP 307 status code when redirecting a request that contains user credentials to avoid forwarding the credentials to a third party accidentally (see section 4.11 of )
19. shall not expose open redirectors (see section 4.10 of )

NOTE: If replay identification of the authorization code is not possible, it is desirable to set the validity period of the authorization code to one minute or a suitable short period of time. The validity period may act as a cache control indicator of when to clear the authorization code cache if one is used.

Returning Authenticated User's Identifier If it is desired to provide the authenticated user's identifier to the client in the token response, the authorization server shall support OpenID Connect .

Requirements for Clients Clients

1. shall use the authorization code grant described in
2. shall use pushed authorization requests according to
3. shall support sender-constrained access tokens using one of the following methods:
   • MTLS as described in
   • DPoP as described in
4. shall support client authentication using one of the following methods:
   • MTLS as specified in section 2 of
   • private_key_jwt as specified in section 9 of
5. shall use PKCE with S256 as the code challenge method
6. shall send access tokens in the HTTP header as in Section 2.1 of OAuth 2.0 Bearer Token Usage
7. shall check the iss parameter in the authorization response according to to prevent Mix-Up attacks
8. shall not expose open redirectors (see section 4.10 of )

Requirements for Resource Servers The FAPI 2.0 endpoints are OAuth 2.0 protected resource endpoints that return protected information for the resource owner associated with the submitted access token. Resource servers with the FAPI endpoints

1. shall accept access tokens in the HTTP header as in Section 2.1 of OAuth 2.0 Bearer Token Usage
2. shall not accept access tokens in the query parameters stated in Section 2.3 of OAuth 2.0 Bearer Token Usage
3. shall verify the validity, integrity, expiration and revocation status of access tokens
4. shall verify that the scope (incl. authorization_details) of the access token authorizes the access to the resource it is representing
5. shall support and verify sender-constrained access tokens using one of the following methods:
   • MTLS as described in
   • DPoP as described in
6. shall identify the associated entity to the access token
7. shall only return the resource identified by the combination of the entity implicit in the access and the granted scope and otherwise return errors as in section 3.1 of

Cryptography and Secrets

1. Authorization Servers, Clients, and Resource Servers shall adhere to when creating or processing JWTs. In particular,
   • the algorithm-specific recommendations in Section 3.2 shall be followed,
   • and the none algorithm shall not be used or accepted.
2. RSA keys shall have a minimum length of 2048 bits.
3. Elliptic curve keys shall have a minimum length of 160 bits.
4. Credentials not intended for handling by end-users (e.g., access tokens, refresh tokens, authorization codes, etc.) shall be created with at least 128 bits of entropy such that an attacker correctly guessing the value is computationally infeasible. Cf. Section 10.10 of  .

Differences to FAPI 1.0

FAPI 1.0 Read/Write	FAPI 2.0	Reasons
JAR, JARM	PAR	integrity protection and compatibility improvements for authorization requests; only code in response
-	RAR	support complex and structured information about authorizations
-	shall adhere to Security BCP
s_hash	-	state integrity is protected by PAR; protection provided by state is now provided by PKCE
pre-registered redirect URIs	redirect URIs in PAR	pre-registration is not required with client authentication and PAR
response types code id_token or code	response type code	improve security: no ID token in front-channel; not needed
ID Token as detached signature	-	ID token does not need to serve as a detached signature
signed and encrypted ID Tokens	signing and encryption not required	ID Tokens only exchanged in back channel
exp claim in request object	-	?
x-fapi-* headers	-	Removed pending further discussion
MTLS for sender-constrained access tokens	MTLS or DPoP

Acknowledgements (todo)

Normative References NRI Ping Identity Microsoft Google Salesforce Informative References

Notices Copyright (c) 2021 The OpenID Foundation. The OpenID Foundation (OIDF) grants to any Contributor, developer, implementer, or other interested party a non-exclusive, royalty free, worldwide copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works from, distribute, perform and display, this Implementers Draft or Final Specification solely for the purposes of (i) developing specifications, and (ii) implementing Implementers Drafts and Final Specifications based on such documents, provided that attribution be made to the OIDF as the source of the material, but that such attribution does not indicate an endorsement by the OIDF. The technology described in this specification was made available from contributions from various sources, including members of the OpenID Foundation and others. Although the OpenID Foundation has taken steps to help ensure that the technology is available for distribution, it takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this specification or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. The OpenID Foundation and the contributors to this specification make no (and hereby expressly disclaim any) warranties (express, implied, or otherwise), including implied warranties of merchantability, non-infringement, fitness for a particular purpose, or title, related to this specification, and the entire risk as to implementing this specification is assumed by the implementer. The OpenID Intellectual Property Rights policy requires contributors to offer a patent promise not to assert certain patent claims against other contributors and against implementers. The OpenID Foundation invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents, patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to practice this specification.