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This document is not an OIDF International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
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Financial API - Part 1: Read Only API Security Profile was prepared by OpenID Foundation Financial API Work Group.
Financial API consists of the following parts, under the general title Financial Services — Financial API:
This part is intended to be used with [RFC6749], [RFC6750], [RFC6736], and [OIDC].
In many cases, Fintech services such as aggregation services use screen scraping and store user passwords. This model is both brittle and insecure. To cope with the brittleness, it should utilize an API model with structured data and to cope with insecurity, it should utilize a token model such as OAuth [RFC6749, RFC6750].
This working group aims to rectify the situation by developing a REST/JSON model protected by OAuth. Specifically, the FAPI WG aims to provide JSON data schemas, security and privacy recommendations and protocols to:
Both commercial and investment banking accounts as well as insurance, and credit card accounts are to be considered.
1.
Scope
2.
Normative references
3.
Terms and definitions
4.
Symbols and Abbreviated terms
5.
Read Only API Security Profile
5.1.
Introduction
5.2.
Read Only API Security Provisions
5.2.1.
Introduction
5.2.2.
Authorization Server
5.2.3.
Public Client
5.2.4.
Confidential Client
6.
Accessing Protected Resources
6.1.
Introduction
6.2.
Read only access provisions
6.2.1.
Protected resources provisions
6.3.
Client provisions
7.
Security Considerations
7.1.
TLS Considerations
7.2.
Message source authentication failure
7.3.
Message integrity protection failure
7.4.
Message containment failure
7.4.1.
Authorization request and response
7.4.2.
Token request and response
7.4.3.
Resource request and response
8.
Privacy Considerations
8.1.
Privacy by design
8.2.
Adhering to privacy principles
9.
Acknowledgement
10.
Bibliography
§
Authors' Addresses
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This document specifies the method of
This document is applicable to both commercial and investment banking accounts as well as insurance, and credit card accounts are to be considered.
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The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applied. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
[RFC2616] - Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616
[RFC4122] A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace [RFC4122]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122
[RFC6749] - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework [RFC6749]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749
[RFC6750] - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage [RFC6750]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6750
[RFC7636] - Proof Key for Code Exchange by OAuth Public Clients [RFC7636]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7636
[RFC5246] - The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 [RFC5246]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246
[RFC7525] - Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) [RFC7525]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7525
[RFC6125] - Representation and Verification of Domain-Based Application Service Identity within Internet Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX) Certificates in the Context of Transport Layer Security (TLS) [RFC6125]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125
[O2fNA] - OAuth 2.0 for Native Apps [O2fNA]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-native-apps-05
[RFC6819] - OAuth 2.0 Threat Model and Security Considerations [RFC6819]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6819
[OIDC] - OpenID Connect Core 1.0 incorporating errata set 1 [OIDC]: http://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html
[OIDD] - OpenID Connect Discovery 1.0 incorporating errata set 1 [OIDD]: http://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html
[OIDM] - OAuth 2.0 Multiple Response Type Encoding Practices [OIDM]: http://openid.net/specs/oauth-v2-multiple-response-types-1_0.html
[X.1254] - Entity authentication assurance framework [X.1254]: https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.1254
[TLSM] - Mutual X.509 Transport Layer Security (TLS) Authentication for OAuth Clients [TLSM]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-campbell-oauth-tls-client-auth
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For the purpose of this standard, the terms defined in [RFC6749], [RFC6750], [RFC7636], [OpenID Connect Core][OIDC] apply.
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API – Application Programming Interface
CSRF - Cross Site Request Forgery
FAPI - Financial API
FI – Financial Institution
HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
REST – Representational State Transfer
TLS – Transport Layer Security
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The OIDF Financial API (FAPI) is a REST API that provides JSON data representing accounts and transactions related data. These APIs are protected by the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework that consists of [RFC6749], [RFC6750], [RFC7636], and other specifications.
These API accesses have several levels of risks associated to them. Read only access is generally speaking associated with lower financial risk than the write access. As such, the characteristics required to the tokens are also different.
In the following subclauses, the method to obtain tokens are explained separately.
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Read Only Access typically is the lower risk scenario compared to the Write access, so the protection level can also be lower. However, since the FAPI would provide potentially sensitive information, it requires more protection level than a basic [RFC6749] requires.
As a profile of The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework, this document mandates the following to the Read Only API of the FAPI.
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The Authorization Server
Further, if it wishes to provide the authenticated user's identifier to the client in the token response, the authorization server
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A Public Client
Further, if it wishes to obtain a persistent identifier of the authenticated user, it
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In addition to the provision to the Public Client, the Confidential Client
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The FAPI endpoints are OAuth 2.0 protected resource endpoints that return financial information for the resource owner associated with the submitted access token.
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The resource server with the FAPI endpoints
Further, it
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The client supporting this document
Further, the client
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Since confidential information is being exchanged, all interactions shall be encrypted with TLS/SSL (HTTPS) in accordance with the recommendations in [RFC7525]. TLS version 1.2 or later shall be used for all communications.
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Authorization request and response are not authenticated. For a higher risk scenarios, it should be taken care of. See Part 2, which uses request object to achieve the message source authentication.
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Authorization request is not message integrity protected thus request tampering and parameter injection are possible. Where the protection is desired, it should use Part 2.
The response is integrity protected when ID Token is returned from the authorization endpoint.
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In this document, the authorization request is not encrypted. Thus, it is possible to leak the information contained if the browser was infected with virus, etc.
Authorization response can be encrypted as ID Token can be encrypted.
It is possible to leak the information through the logs if the parameters were recorded in the logs and the access to the logs are compromised. Strict access control to the logs in such cases should be enforced.
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It is possible to leak the information through the logs if the parameters were recorded in the logs and the access to the logs are compromised. Strict access control to the logs in such cases should be enforced.
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Care should be taken so that the sensitive data will not be leaked through the referrer.
If the access token is a bearer token, it is possible to exercise the stolen token. Since the access token can be used against multiple URIs, the risk of its leaking is much larger than the refresh token, which is used only against the token endpoint. Thus, the lifetime of the access token should be much shorter than that of the refresh token. Refer to section 16.18 of [OIDC] for more discussion on the lifetimes of access tokens and refresh tokens.
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Stakeholders should follow the privacy principles of ISO/IEC 29100. In particular:
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Following people contributed heavily towards this document.
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Nat Sakimura | |
Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. | |
Email: | n-sakimura@nri.co.jp |
URI: | http://nat.sakimura.org/ |
John Bradley | |
Ping Identity | |
Email: | ve7jtb@ve7jtb.com |
URI: | http://www.thread-safe.com/ |
Edmund Jay | |
Illumila | |
Email: | ejay@mgi1.com |
URI: | http://illumi.la/ |